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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPLANNING MINUTES 1974-08-06 5611 MINUTES OF THE 280th REGULAR MEETING HELD BY THE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF LIVONIA On Tuesday, August 6 , 1974, the City Planning Commission of the - City of Livonia held its 280th Regular Meeting and a public hearing at the Livonia City Hall, 33001 Five Mile Road, Livonia, Michigan. Mr. Daniel R. Andrew, Chairman called the Public Hearing and Regular meeting to order at 8:05 p.m. , with approximately 50 interested persons in the audience. mbers Present : Frank Hand Charles Pinto Joseph Talbot(late) Daniel R. Andrew Joseph Falk Herman Kluver William Scruggs tubers Absent: Suzanne Taylor, (vacation) Esther Friedrichs (vacation) !ale ssrs. John J. Nagy, Planning Director, Ralph H. Bakewell , Planner IV; and Robert M. Feinberg, Assistant City Attorney were also present. Mr. Andrew informed the audience that if a petition on the evening' s agenda involved a question of rezoning or vacating then the Planning Commission would only recommend to the City Council that certain action be taken whereupon the Council would ultimately decide whether or not to approve or deny the petition. Further , if a petition involved a waiver of use approval that is denied the petitioner had ten days in which to appeal the decision to the Council, by filing such an appeal with the office of the City Clerk. Mr. Falk, Secretary announced the first item on the agenda, Petition 74-6-1-15 by Ager Building Company requesting to rezone property located between Farmington Road and Filmore , north of Curtis Avenue in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 9 , from R-3 to R-8. Mr. Andrew: Is there any correspondence in the file with reference to this petition? Mr. Nagy: The Division of Engineering indicates the relocation or enclosure of ditch through property must be approved by the State of Michigan. The developer must also improve Curtis Avenue which means additional right of way must be acquired first. Consumers Power state they have no objection. Mr. Ager: Our intention is to build multi-family dwellings on the site and we are asking for R-8 zoning instead of R-7 because the buildings facing:_the drainage area will be three story high. On the street side it will be two story high even if it is two story on street side it will still have to come 5612 under R-8 zoning. We are asking for R-8 but will abide by our site plans and build two 2 story buildings and 2 three story buildings. We have another plan but it would do away with the drainage swale, greenbelt and trees and the attractiveness that we desire for this property by way of the plans we are showing here tonite. Mr. Andrew: R-8 would allow no less than 2 story not more than 4. How about drainage area? Mr. Ager: We will not improve drainage we will just improve top area have drainage natural as open space buffer. Mr. Andrew: Do you have egress and ingress off Curtis? Mr. Ager: Yes. Mr. Andrew: John, do you feel if that access point is relocated that it would change the opinion of the Engineering Division? Mr. Nagy: It is hard to speak for the Engineering Division but I feel that there would be some difference. The Engineering Division has always suggested improvement of Curtis but it could be delayed. Mr. Hand: Doesn't Engineering Department mean he must improve 43 ft. of Curtis Road? Mr. Nagy: No, the City has a policy to the effect that they will not accept half pavement widths , therefore , • they will have to improve the full width of Curtis Rd. Mr. Pinto: I assume the property owner owns the northerly 43 ft. of Curtis Road and the City wants him to acquire the other 43 ft. and what happens to the other fellow that develops that side of the street? Mr. Scruggs: What's going to happen to the home on the property now? Mr. Ager: It will be removed. There was no one else present wishing to be heard and the Chairman closed the public hearing on this item. On a motion duly made by Mr. Hand seconded by Mr. Kluver and unanimously adopted it was, 5613 #8-159-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a public hearing having ILbeen held on August 6, 1974 on Petition 74-6-1-15 as submitted by Ager Building Company requesting to rezone property located between Farmington Road and Filmore, north of Curtis Avenue in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 9 , from R-3 to R-8, the City Planning Commission does hereby recommend to the City Council that Petition 74-6-1-15 be approved for the following reasons : (1) The area proposed for a zoning change is of sufficient size, location and character so as to lend itself to the proposed use, multi-family development, as permitted by the R-8 zoning district regulations. (2) The physical features of the site by way of the flood plain, topography and the mature, natural trees located on the site provide for the appropriate physical amenities so as to make the site suitable for small , good-quality, multi-family development. (3) The proposed change of zoning so as to provide for multiple housing is consistent with the land use policies for housing development as contained in the Land Use Plan Report-1985 as the site has good access 1140 to a major arterial highway and is designed at a density compatible with the related single family areas. FURTHER RESOLVED that, notice of the above public hearing was published in the official newspaper, the Observer- Eccentric under date of July 18, 1974 and a notice of such hearing was sent to the Detroit Edison Company, Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company, Consumers Power Company and City Departments as listed in the Proof of Service. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. Mr. Falk announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-6-1-16 by McQuade Land Company requesting to rezone property located on the west side of Farmington Road, north of Six Mile Road in the Southeast 1/4 of Section 9 , from R-3C to C-1. Mr. Nagy: Consumers Power Company has no objections. Engineering Division reports there are no storm sewers to service this area, and it will be necessary to construct off-site sewers. 5614 j. Eldridge : The intent is that the intensity for the residential 1[4, Land Planning area would be the same as single family density. Consultant To the west we have a high school and elementary school. To the north you have just recommended multiple zoning. To the east we have commercial , no residential development at all. To the south we have offices and few residences located along a marginal access road. It is not the intent of our client to develop a discount department store. We will commit to this statement in any form that is deemed desirable by the City. We have made this statement in front of homeowner groups also. The commercial development would totally compliment the dwellings. We do not feel that based on the facts of this study that this development of commercial will support itself. We feel that to deny this application is to ask us to rethink the entire program we - have submitted to the City. We feel a secondary one would not be as attractive as this first one. The need of this shopping center is paramount to the development of this total site. Mr. Andrew: Please confine the dialog to the C-1 zoning. Are you intimating apartments if this C-1 request is 110 turned down? Mr. Eldridge: I do not wish to make a comment making reference to that fact. Mr. Andrew: Was there any consideration given on the related cluster housing proposal. Mr. Nagy: Yes , but the petition has been delayed due to lack of information and it was not submitted in proper form. Mr. Hand: I am assuming that as you look at this site you are saying that part and parcel of this thing is to provide local facilities for the residents. How do you come to 15 acres? Mr. Eldridge : The center being proposed is 1/2 of the size our market study revealed would support this development. The applicant has suggested that we solicit retailers for 'use of this property rather than convenience type shops. - Mr. Hand: I see that the facilities you propose are already across the street or down the line. IL Mr. Eldridge: It' s done every day. It's alright to locate across the street and down the street. Mr. Hand: I feel this community owes something to the existing retailers. . 5615 Mr. Eldridge: This is one of the choicest areas in Livonia IL for a facility of this nature. The west boundary is not residential at all. Mr. Pinto: It is your position that the R-3 zoning on this 14 acre parcel is unreasonable to be developed in a normal area. Mr. Eldridge: We feel it has lost its appeal as single family residential. Mr. Pinto: Can you as a land developer state that this is unreasonable for residential? Mr. Eldridge: Yes , I do. Mr. Pinto: If this is developed as a R-3 zone would it not be the same as the development immediately south of property (essentially Burton Hollow Subdivision) - Mr. Eldridge: In light of the shopping center across from this area, I say that it would not be reasonable for this property to be built up R-3. Mr. Falk: We had a land study done for the City and they feel that Newburgh and Seven Mile and Newburgh ILO and Joy is the proper location for large shopping centers. The man across the street just renovated and I feel that the homes were there first and we should protect them. Frank Santo: I, live on Six Mile. Ten years ago we were told that a K-Mart had to go in there. We were told that this area could not support residential. We have Burton Hollow there now. The script seems to be the same as what we have heard before. Representing the people of Burton Hollow who live on Six Mile so called marginal access road, I wish to advise the Commission that we are opposed to its total proposal. Dow Tunis : We are against the C-1 zoning that this petition Vice-Pres. requests. Burton Hollow Civic Assoc. There was no one else present wishing to be heard and the Chairman closed the public hearing on this item. On a motion duly made by Mr. Kluver, . seconded by Mr. Hand and unanimously adopted it was, 5616 #8-160-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a public hearing having been held on August 6, 1974 on Petition 74-6-1-16 by McQuade Land Company requesting to rezone property located on the west side of Farmington Road north of Six Mile Road in the Southeast 1/4 of Section 9 , from R-3C to C-1, the City Planning Commission does hereby recommend to the City Council that Petition 74-6-1-16 be denied for the following reasons : (1) The proposed zoning is not in conformity with the proposed Land Use Plan 1985 . (2) The proposed neighborhood center would directly compete with and would duplicate services being provided directly across the street in an existing shopping center. (3) The additional square footage of retail space that could be supported in the community should be located in close proximity to the present and future residents not presently being conveniently served by a neighborhood center, which is not the case with the area under petition. (4) The proposed change of zoning would be detrimental to and discourage the orderly and appropriate 1140 development of the surrounding residential area. (5) The volume of traffic that would emanate from a commercial center developed on approximately 15 acres would adversely effect the traffic carrying capacity of the abutting mile roads and related intersection. (6) The location, size intensity, site layout and periods of operation of commercial use will cause a nuisance by way of dust, noise, lights, glare and litter which all will be detrimental to the nearby permitted uses of the residential areas. FURTHER RESOLVED that, notice of the above public hearing was published in the official newspaper, the Observer- Eccentric, under date of July 18 , 1974 and a notice of such hearing was sent to the Detroit Edison Company, Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, Consumers Power Company and City Departments as listed in the Proof of Service. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. 1LW Mr. Falk announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-1-17 by Rockwall Investment Company requesting to rezone property located on the east side of Osmus, north of Norfolk Avenue in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 3, from RUF to R-7. 5617 Mr. Nagy: A letter from Consumers Power states they have no objection. The Engineering Division states no engineering problems except that the storm sewer outlet will not be there till Livonia Drain #16 is built": in the year 1975. Mr. Ponder: If the Planning Commission at all thinks this project has merit then I would ask that this item be tabled because we are trying to work out a plan whereby we will lower the density. Because of the expediency in which you brought this item up my clients have not had a chance to complete the site plan yet. I would appreciate that you table this so that we have a chance to show you our plan. same Mr. Andrew: Is all the property owned by the/owner and petitioner? Mr. Ponder: Yes, Rockwall Investment owns all of it. Mr. Hand: I am in favor of a tabling motion in order to allow Mr. Ponder's group a chance to explore the possibilities of a lower density project. Evelyn Nikorik;Mr. Sch`ubiner stated that he has dropped the proposal 30201 Merriman for lots #7-8. to, Mr. Andrew: When did he say that? Mrs. Nikorik: Within the last week. Mrs. Mertz: Osmus is the only street that goes through from 7 to 20281 Osmus 8 mile and we have traffic problems now. Mr. Mertz: I would like to ask the audience for a show of hands of the people in the audience that are against this proposal. There were about 25 hands raised. Resident: Our traffic on Norfolk is triple since the apartments 20220 Parkhurst went up on Merriman and Eight. Ed. Mitek : I am in favor of the petition being approved. 30710 Springland Farmington Hills Sue Mitchell: I am against the rezoning petition. 20367 Osmus IL, Mr. Falk: Mr. Ponder just what are you talking about with reference to less density? Mr. Ponder: We are trying to work out a plan with about ten units per acre and push the units back so there will be a more open space all around the units. 5618 Mr. Falk: ' You still want multiples. You are not thinking of R-3 or single family residential? Mr. Ponder: Yes, that' s right we are not considering R-3 residential. Mr. Hand: Why not consider residential single and multiple complex? Mr. Ponder: We would like to further consider it. Mr. Talbot: If we table this when would you come up with some plans? . Ponder: Give us 30 days. here was no one else present wishing to be heard and the Chairman losed the public hearing on this item. - n a motion duly made by Mr. Hand seconded by Mr. Kluver and animously adopted it was , 8-161-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a public hearing having been held on August 6 , 1974, on Petition 74-7-1-17 by Rockwall Investment Company requesting to rezone property located on the east side of Osmus, north - of Norfolk Avenue in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 3, from RUF to R-7 , the City Planning Commission does hereby determine to table this item to the October 8 meeting. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-1-18 by the City Planning Commission on its own motion to rezone property located on the east side of Newburgh Road, south of Five Mile Road in the •Northwest 1/4 of Section 20 , from C-1 and R-7 to R-6. Charles Tangora: We were notaware of this petition until late Representative yesterday and we ask that this petition be Felician Sisters tabled until Mr. Duggan can sit down and discuss this. There was no one else wishing to be heard and the Chairman closed the public hearing on this item. On a motion duly made by Mr. Kluver, seconded by Mr. Falk and unanimously adopted it was, #162-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a Public Hearing having been 1110 held on August 6, 1974 , on Petition 74-7-1-18 by the City Planning Commission on its own motion to rezone property located on the east isde of Newburgh Road, south of Five Mile Road in the Northwest 1/4 of Section 20 , 5619 from C-1 and R-7 to R-6 the City Planning Commission does hereby determine to table this petition to the Study Meeting of August 27 , 1974. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. Mr. Falk announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-1-19 by the City Planning Commission on its own motion re- questing to rezone property located on the south side of • Five Mile Road, west of Levan Road in the Northwest 1/4 of Section 20 , from C-1 to R-6. here was no one else present wishing to be heard and the Chairman losed the public hearing on this item 8-163-74 RESOLVED that, since this item is related to the previous item discussed, it was hereby determined to table this petition to the Study Meeting of August 27 , 1974. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. Mr. Falk announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-2-9 by William B. Hardin, Executive Director, Metropolitan Society for Crippled Children and Adults , requesting to be granted a waiver of use approval to hold a benefit fall festival at the Wonderland Shopping Center located on the south side of Plymouth Road, west of Middlebelt Road in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 35. The petitioner was not present and there was no one present wishing to be heard. The Chairman closed the public hearing on this item. On a motion duly made by Mr. Rluver, seconded by Mr. Scruggs and unanimously adopted it was, #8-164-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a public hearing having been held on August 6, 1974 on Petition 74-7-2-9 as submitted by William B. Hardin, Executive Director, Metropolitan Society for Crippled Children and Adults , requesting to be granted a waiver of use approve to hold a benefit fall festival at the Wonderland Shopping Center located on the south side of Plymouth Road, west of Middlebelt Road in the Northeast 1/4 of Section 35 , the City Planning Commission does hereby recommend to the City Council that Petition 74-7-2-9 be approved for the following reasons: m. • 5620 (1) The Police and Fire Departments have indicated IL in the past that they have no objection to this particular use in this location. (2) The use of the property for carnival purposes will not interrupt the normal traffic flow and use of land for parking purposes. FURTHER RESOLVED, that notice of the above public hearing was sent to property owners within 500 feet petitioner and City Departments as listed in the Proof of Service. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. 0 Falk announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-6-3 by the City Planning Commission on its own motion to _ amend Section 18 .50, Signs, of Zoning Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended, as it refers to the regulation and control of signs, specifically political signs. There was no one present wishing to be heard and the Chairman ( closed the public hearing on this item. 1 On a motion duly made by Mr. Hand and seconded by Mr. Kluver to it was #8-165-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to a public hearing having been held on Petition 74-7-6-3 by the City Planning Commission on its own motion to amend Section 18. 50 Signs , of Zoning Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended, as it referes to the regulation and control of signs , specifically political. signs, the City Planning Commission does hereby determine to table this item until such time that they may informally transtnit language to City Council so that they may suggest direction for the text of the amendment. A roll call vote on the foregoing resolution resulted in the following: AYES: Falk, Scruggs , Pinto, Hand, Kluver, Andrew NAYS: Talbot ABSENT: Friedrichs, Taylor The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. * * * * * * * * * ii, The Chairman declared a five minute recess. The Regular Meeting resumed with the same commissioners present as were present for the original roll call. 5621 The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, motion by City Planning Commission on its own motion to hold ' a public hearing to determine whether or not to rezone property located on the southeast corner of Clarita and Middlebelt in the Northwest 1/4 of Section 12 , from C-1 to P.S. On a motion duly made by Mr. Kluver, seconded by Mr. Hand and unanimously adopted it was #.8-166-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to Section 23.01 of Ordinance #543, the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended, the City Planning Commission does hereby establish and order that a public hearing be held in the Livonia City Hall to determine whether or not to rezone property located on the southeast corner of Clarita and Middlebelt in the Northwest 1/4 of Section 12 , from C-1 to P.S. FURTHER RESOLVED, notice of time and place of said public hearing shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of Livonia and a notice by registered United States mail shall be sent to each public utility or railroad company owning or operating any public utility or railroad within the City of Livonia in accordance with the provisions of Act 285 of the Public Acts of Michigan of 1931, as amended. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. Mr. Falk announced the next item on the agenda, approval of the minutes of the 278th Regular Meeting held by the City Planning Commission on July 9 , 1974. On a motion duly made by Mr. Hand and seconded by Mr. Kluver it was #8-167-74 RESOLVED that, the minutes of the 278th Regular Meeting held by the City Planning Commission on July 9 , 1974 are hereby approved. AYES: Scruggs, Talbot, Hand, Kluver, Andrew ABSTAIN: Falk, Pinto ABSENT: Friedrichs, Taylor The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. 5622 The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-8-28p by Evanski-Davis & Associates requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18.58 of Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended by Ordinance #988 , submitted in connection with a proposal to construct an addition to an existing building located on the east side of Levan Road between Five Mile and Schoolcraft Roads in Section 20. On a motion duly made by Mr. Talbot, seconded by Mr. Pinto and unanimously adopted it was , #8-168-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to Section 18.58 of Ordinance #543 the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia , as amended by Ordinance #988, the City Planning Commission does hereby approve Petition 74-7-8-28P by Evanski- Davis & Associates requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18. 58 submitted in connection with a proposal to construct an addition to an existing building located on the east side of Levan Road between Five Mile and Schoolcraft Roads in Section 20, subject to the following conditions: (1) That Site Plan Job No. 74-225, Sheet No. A-1 , revised date August 1 , 1974 , which is hereby approved, shall be adhered to. (2) That Building Elevation Plan Job No. 74-225 , Sheet A-4 , revised date August 1, 1974 , which is hereby approved shall be adhered to. (3) That a landscape plan shall be submitted to the Planning Commission for approval within thirty days from the date of this resolution. Pursuant to Section 19. 10 of Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia , this conditional use approval is valid for a period of one year only from the date of approval and unless a building permit-is obtained and construction commenced within that period, or an extension of time obtained, this approval shall be null and void at the expiration of said period. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, Petition 74-7-8-30P by Grand Center, Inc. , requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18.58 of Ordinance #543, the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia,IL, . as amended by Ordinance #988, submitted in connection with a proposal to alter and build an addition to an existing building located on the south side of Eight Mile Road between Inkster and Grand River in Section 1. 5623 On a-motion duly made by Mr. Falk seconded by Mr. Kluver and Lunanimously adopted it was, #8-169-74 RESOLVED that, Petition 74-7-8-30P by Grand Center, Inc. , requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18. 58 of Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended by Ordinance #988 , submitted in connection with a proposal to alter and build an addition to an existing building located on the south side of Eight Mile Road between Inkster and Grand River in Section 1, the Planning Commission does hereby determine to table this item. The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. • The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, Sign Design Plan submitted in connection with a condition of all approval of Peition 73-11-8-48P by Bruce E. Pennel requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18. 58 of Ordinance #543, the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Liovnia, as amended by Ordinance #988 , in connection with a proposal to construct an addition to an existing building and remove two existing buildings located on the south side of Six Mile Road, east of Middlebelt Road in Section 13. 1; Mr. Andrew passed the gavel to the Vice-Chairman at this time. On a motion duly made by Mr. Andrew, seconded by Mr. Falk it was, RESOLVED that, Petition 73-11-8-48P by Bruce E. Pennell (Sign Design Plan) be tabled to the next study meeting of August 27 , 1974. A roll call vote resulted in the following: • AYES : Andrew, Falk NAYS: Pinto, Hand, Scruggs, Kluver, Talbot ABSENT: Friedrichs , Taylor The motion failed. Ona motion duly made by Mr. Hand, seconded by Mr. Kluver it was,. #8-170,-74 RESOLVED that, pursuant to Section 18.58 of Ordinance #543, the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended by Ordinance #988, the City Planning Commission does hereby deny Petition 73-11-8-48P by Bruce E. Pennell, Sign Design Plan submitted in connection with a proposal to construct an addition to an existing tof building and remove two existing buildings located on the south side of Six Mile Road, east of Middlebelt Road in Section 13, for the following reason: (1) The Sign does not conform to ordinance specifications. JUL`2 A roll call vote resulted in the following: AYES: Scruggs , Talbot, Kluver, Hand NAYS: Pinto, Falk, Andrew ABSENT: Friedrichs, Taylor The Chairman declared the motion carried and the foregoing resolution adopted. The Secretary announced the next item on the agenda, Revised Building Elevation Plan submitted in connection with Petition 73-7-8-33P by Dubuque-Radin Architects , requesting approval of all plans required by Section 18.58 of Ordinance #543, the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, as amended by Ordinance #988, in connection with a proposal to erect a medical office building on property located on the southeast corner of Eight Mile Road and Brentwood in Section 1. a motion duly made by Mr. Scruggs , seconded by Mr. Hand it was, #8-171-74 RESOLVED that, having reviewed the revised Building Elevation Plan submitted by Dubuque-Radin Architects , in connection with a proposal to erect a medical office building on property located on the southeast corner of Eight Mile Road and Brewntwood in Section 1; and having determined that the modifications and 1[10 revisions are of an architectural nature only and will have little impact upon the previously approved site and building plans and that the previously approved site development plans are bing adhered to , the City Planning Commission does hereby grant approval to the revised Building Elevation Plan #3846 dated 6/4/74 , subject to adherence to the previously approved site plan, dated 7/10/73, and to all the conditions as set forth in approving resolution #9-231-73. Pursuant to Section 19.10 of Ordinance #543 , the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Livonia, this conditional use approval is valid for a period of one year only from the date of approval and unless a building permit is obtained and construction commended within that period, or an extension of time obtained, this approval shall be null and void at the expiration of said period. A roll call vote on the foregoing resolution resulted in the following: AYES: Scruggs, Pinto, Talbot, Hand NAYS: Kluver, Falk, Andrew On a motion duly made, seconded and unanimously approved, the 280th Regular Meeting held by the City Planning Commission on August 6 , 1974 was adjourned at 11:20 p.m. CITY PLANNING COMMISSION ATEST: seph 0'. , Secretary (/:? Daniel . Andrew, Chairman